Book Project
The Threat of Small Groups: Visibility and Violence in Indonesia
Events Map of Anti-Ahmadiyah Mobilization and Repression in Indonesia (author’s data)
My book project, which is based on my award-winning dissertation, investigates an oft-overlooked puzzle in the literature on intergroup conflict: conflict involving groups that are less than 1% of the population. Given their economic and political insignificance, why do micro-sized groups become targets of mobilization and repression?
I argue that the threat of micro-sized groups is linked to fears about group boundaries in flux. Challenges to core foundations of group can be perceived as threatening, especially when they are publicly visible. In addition to rendering threats concrete, the politicized nature of public space means that actions carried out in public view can be perceived by members of the majority as a challenge to existing power arrangements. When political entrepreneurs are incentivized to instrumentalize these challenges to group boundaries, rates of anti-minority targeting multiplies. Drawing on archival data, events data, and over 120 interviews collected over 15 months of fieldwork, I develop this argument through the case of the targeting of the Ahmadiyah, a heterodox sect of Islam, in Indonesia.
My findings suggest that threat perception is not just driven by concerns around resources, but is shaped by a group’s public visibility. As a result, my research challenges longstanding assumptions about the necessary material dimensions of threat. Understanding how visible constitutive threats operate can shed light on phenomena that appear to be costly, inefficient, and irrational. It also highlights the importance of studying religious practices in the study of religion and conflict. Even when religious groups hold nearly identical and stable religious beliefs, the religious practices that emerge from these ideologies differ and change over time. These different religious practices shape how the group is perceived by outsiders. Focusing on religious practice—rather than on ideology alone—may explain the seemingly varied or contradictory effects of religious ideology on conflict.
Journal ARTICLES (Peer Reviewed)
“Informal Networks and Religious Intolerance: How Clientelism Incentivizes the Discrimination of the Ahmadiyah in Indonesia.” 2018. Citizenship Studies, vol 22, no. 2, pp. 191-207. [Indonesian Translation 2019 from Yayasan Pustaka Obor]
Journal Articles (Editor reviewed)
Book chapters
"Civic Associations and Practices in Maluku, Indonesia: Explaining the Failure of the South Maluku Republic (RMS) Movement." 2024. In Regional Movements and Identity Demands in Developing Democracies: Southeast Asia in Comparative Perspective, edited by Amy Liu and Joel Selway. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
Policy Reports
book reviews
Manuscripts in pREPARATION
"The Threat of Small Things: The Occupation of Public Space and the Persecution of Micro-Sized Groups in Indonesia." In circulation.
“Reflexivity and Research Assistants: How the Social Location of Research Assistants Shapes the Production of Knowledge” (with Syahar Banu).